Oligohydramnios: Case review at a referral hospital in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31644/AMU.V04.N02.2025.A08Keywords:
Oligohydramnios, Perinatal outcome, Amniotic fluid index, Cesarean sectionAbstract
Introduction: Amniotic fluid is an essential component of the intrauterine environment that supports fetal development and protection. Its volume reflects the dynamic balance between
production and reabsorption processes, which vary according to fetal maturity. Alterations in its quantity, such as oligohydramnios, may indicate placental or fetal dysfunction and are associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonographic assessment of amniotic fluid is a key tool for prenatal diagnosis and monitoring.
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes observed in a series of cases diagnosed with oligohydramnios at a referral hospital in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted, including the review of 83 medical records of patients diagnosed with oligohydramnios between January and December 2023. Results: Oligohydramnios was observed across all maternal age groups, with a predominance among adolescents. Most cases required cesarean delivery. Although some newborns presented extreme birth weights, the majority had normal weights and Apgar scores above 8 at five minutes.
Conclusions: Although oligohydramnios represents a relevant obstetric condition due to its potential risk to maternal and fetal health, no significant benefit was observed in the studied population from the increased frequency of cesarean deliveries associated with its detection. These findings highlight the importance of individualized clinical assessment to avoid unnecessary interventions and to prioritize patient-specific obstetric decisionmaking.
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